Coming with the easier python debugging enabled by the new gdb with python hooks is another awesome python feature coming in the new Fedora "Goddard" 13 release. That is tracing of python processes and their function calls. This feature is developed on top of systemtap, the linux analogue of Sun's awesome Dtrace system tracer.
So what does it mean? For the uninitiated, it implements hooks (tracepoints) in the python main shared libraries (libpython.so and libpython3.so) so that systemtap can trace whenever a python function is entered/exited in any python process on the system. This means you can anytime check a python process to see which functions are being called and how many times etc. This has really cool uses. More information about this feature is available at https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Features/SystemtapStaticProbes#Python_2
Just to illustrate the use try the following examples (from the above link)
First install python-debuginfo. Now add yourself to stapdev and stapusr groups or run the following command as root:
$ stap /usr/share/doc/python3-libs-3.1.2/pyfuntop.stp
This will display a top like output on the terminal showing the python functions which are called by all running processes and the number of times its being called. Its fun to watch, just run a python program and check all the functions being called :)
Here's a sample output from my laptop
PID FILENAME LINE FUNCTION CALLS 15479 /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/yum/packages.py 261 verCMP 15768 15479 /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/yum/packages.py 270 __cmp__ 15767 15479 /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/rpmUtils/updates.py 129 returnNewest 9045 15479 /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/rpmUtils/miscutils.py 36 compareEVR 1191 15479 /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/yum/packages.py 48 comparePoEVR 578 15479 /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/yum/packages.py 296 verEQ 556 15479 /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/yum/packages.py 55 comparePoEVREQ 556 15479 /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/yum/__init__.py 778This shows the functions called during a 1 second interval (the script updates the display every second) by checking of available updates by packagekit.2 15479 /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/yum/__init__.py 206 _getConfig 2 15479 /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/yum/config.py 69 __get__ 2 15479 /usr/lib64/python2.6/logging/__init__.py 1026 debug 1 15479 /usr/lib64/python2.6/logging/__init__.py 1236 isEnabledFor 1 15479 /usr/lib64/python2.6/logging/__init__.py 1222 getEffectiveLevel 1 15479 /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/rpmUtils/updates.py 272 doUpdates 1
Another system script displays the python function call hierarchy of any program you run. Try this by running
$ stap -v /usr/share/doc/python-libs-2.6.4/systemtap-example.stp -c python
Now you will get a python terminal after a long hierarchy of function calls. Here you can see all python functions called for each line you enter on the python terminal. Its not as much fun, but useful if you want to check where all those extra unneeded function calls are being made.
Read a short writeup from the developer of these features at http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Python_in_Fedora_13 and also check http://press.redhat.com/2010/04/27/fedora-13-spotlight-feature-exploring-new-frontiers-of-python-development/